Reading and Making Digital Literature
Mark C. Marino, MFA, PhD, University of Southern California, United States of America, mcmarino@usc.edu
Course Type: Humanities-focused
Keywords: Electronic literature, hypertext, epoetry, interactive digital narratives,
University | Department | Level | Credits | Length | Medium |
University of Southern California | Writing Program | Undergrad | 4 | 15 | In-Person |
Course Description
In the age of computers, writing and reading are undergoing complex transformations and evolutions. Digital platforms have opened new possibilities for literature itself, creating new genres of reading experiences that combine the collaboration of readers, writers (including programmers, visual artists, and musicians), and computational systems. These innovative works combine text, audio, visuals, interactivity, and algorithmic processes to create new modes of literary art, extending and reimagining previous forms. This course is designed as a survey of new forms of born-digital literary art, offering students an opportunity to explore new genres and works and to develop new literacies by creating works of their own. This is a creative writing class for the 21st Century.
From poetry generators to interactive stories, we will taste a sampling of what contemporary forms of electronic literature. As you encounter and make these new forms of creative art, you will also engage in multimodal reading, acquiring modes of analysis suited to these digital art forms. Just as digital objects require the interoperation of many systems and contributors, so too does their analysis require the interoperation of critical approaches and scholars. You will learn to combine approaches involving visualization, code analysis, as well as traditional literary analysis techniques to develop readings of these complex works. Included in these techniques will be an introduction to Critical Code Studies, a means of close reading computer source code to enhance an understanding of a work of digital literary art.
Nonetheless, while these many modes of analysis can facilitate readings, it is difficult to understand digital literature without trying to make it. Throughout the course, you will engage in creative exercises trying to make works in new forms, including bots, poetry generators, interactive fiction, and netprov. Although the course will introduce you to various software and a bit of code, this class requires no prior knowledge of programming, just an adventurous spirit!
Weekly Outline
- Welcome & Course Overview. Readings: none.
- A New Medium for Storytelling. Readings: (university closed for Labor Day), read ahead)
- Aesthetics & Practice (Immersion, Agency, and Transformation). Readings: HH Part I & 2 (Chapters 1-6), IDN Section 1 (Chapters 1-4)
- Towards a Theory of IDN Design. Readings (IDN Section 2 (Chapters 5-9)
- Emergent and Experimental Forms Part I. Readings HH Part 4 (Chap 9-10), IDN Section 3 Part I (Chap 10-14) [1]
- Audience & Research Methods for IDN. ASSIGNMENT: Game 1 & Materials Due.
- Class Playtest, Critique, and Analysis. ASSIGNMENT: Design Reflection Paper 1 Due.
- M is for Multiplayer, from MUD to MOO to Mega and Massive. Readings: “A Rape in Cyberspace” by J. Dibbell, “Writing for MMOs” Gamasutra
- Pitching a Narrative Game. Readings: Assorted Pitch Documents (as assigned)
- Platforms and General Hackery: Thinking of IDN as Computational Systems. Assorted platform documentation and notes (as assigned)
- Emergent & Experimental Forms Part 2. Readings: IDN Section 3, Part 2 (Chapters 15-17)
- Work Week. (Note: University closed W-F for American Thanksgiving)
- Work Week.
- Capstone Preparation & Course Reflection. ASSIGNMENT: Game 2 & Materials Due.
- Class Playtest, Critique, and Analysis. ASSIGNMENT: Design Reflection Paper 2 Due.
Course Objectives
- Analysis: To increase your ability to analyze digital works, by introducing not only the terminology but also a sense of the forms and new approaches of analysis, that combine close reading, attentiveness to form, and broader social context.
- Making: To expand your understanding of the creative process by exposing you to a wide range of digital works and by giving your opportunities to create in new and varied forms.
- Connectivity: To deepen your appreciation of the connection between these digital works and the cultural contexts from which they emerge and with which they engage.
- Context: To enrich your discernment of creative projection by introducing you to theories, histories, and aesthetics of digital literature across history and culture.
- Engagement: To introduce you to a vibrant international electronic arts community that you can enjoy, explore, and contribute to.
Reading
- Electronic Literature: What is it? Hayles
- Electronic Literature Rettberg
- Looking Behind the Text-To-Be-Seen,
- About ELIZA
- “The Riderly Text” Heckman (10 pages)
- Netprov
- Third-Generation E-Lit, Flores
- “An Introduction to Twitterbots with Tracery”, Graham
- “A Protest Bot,” Mark Sample (opt.)
- Video Games for Humans, selections, Copas, ed.
- Tutorial on using Tracery
- Conceptual Writing: The LA Brand
- The Case for Conceptual Art (video)
- “Generative Activity in Art and Literature”, WTL, (155-164)
- #WomenTechLit, Mencia et al.
- “Chapter 7” Critical Code Studies
- Reading Project: A Collaborative Analysis, Pressman et al.
- A brief History of Interactive Fiction (8 pages)
- “The End of Books” Robert Coover
- Command Lines: Shade: (126
- Chatbots, an introduction
- Zoom
Viewings
- Dakota (Web)
- Project for Tachistoscope {Bottomless Pit} (Web)
IDE and IDN Authoring Tools
- http://www.crystalcodepalace.com/traceryTut.html
- http://workbench.gtrlabs.org/
- Twine
- Inky
IDN Artifacts
- AI Dungeon
- The Vine and the Fish
- ChatGPT-4
- Dakota
- break.dance
- X (formerly Twitter) Bots: @MagicRealismBot; @str_voyage; @thinkpiecebot; @sloganotron; @NRA_Tally; @BafflingBot; @infitinitescream
- Exposed
- House of Dust adaptation (Knowles & Tenney 1967 implemented by Whalen)
- Twitterbot: @Haikud2
- Stochastic Texts
- Theo Lutz (1959) computer generated poem implemented by Montfortt
- Taroko Gorge
- The Travesty Generator – 3 last words
- Project for Tachistoscope {Bottomless Pit}
- First Screening
- Allison Parrish’s Nonsense Laboratory
- Sea and Spar Between
- Nineteen
- Aisle
- About Losing a Scarf
- Depression Quest
- Overboard
- Mother Tongue
- Mr. Mind
- StoryFace
- Monstrous Weather
- ELIZA
- I Work for the Web
- Air-B-N-Me
- #1wknotech,
- OneStarReviews,
- Thermophiles in Love
- All-Time High
- Tempspence,
- Speidishow
- Destination Wedding 2070
- Monstrous Weather or Twine version
- Breathe
- Loss of Grasp
- How to Rob a Bank
- First Draft of the Revolution
Major Assignments (being assignments whose value is of 25% or more)
- 10% Quizzes & Responses
- 15% Weekly Exercises
- 15% Paper #1
- 20% Paper #2
- 20% Final project
- 15% Final Exam
Paper #1: Close reading of a work of digital literature.
Paper #2 Collaborative reading of a work of digital literature
Final Project
- Platform: Student Choice
- Purpose: Extended exploration of creative mode of digital literature
- Requirements:
- Project Length: 10-15 minutes, depending on form
- Project Size: 20 lexias, 1 Poetry Generator, 1 Netprov
- Project Aesthetics: Extending and embodying the aesthetics of the models we have explored throughout the semester, particularly trying to be in dialogue with literature or literary works in some way. combinatoric, aleatory, agency, conceptual, formalist, disruption, defamilarization, remix, et cetera. combinatoric, aleatory, agency, conceptual, formalist, disruption, remix, et cetera.
- Coding Proficiency: Demonstration of minimal proficiency or a minimal operational proficiency with the chosen platform (Twine, Ink, JavaScript, Python, etc.)
- Evaluation:
- Interactivity: Works can be interactive or even non-interactive as in the case of poetry generators and story experiences like Dakota.
- Story and narrative: The goal is depth of resonance between form and theme in dialogue with literary heritage.
- Production values: Top works will have middle level amateur production values. Clear design choices that reinforce the themes of the work.
Course Best Practices
Participation and Engagement:
Let’s face it, some of us have been raised to talk a lot in class and others to listen thoughtfully. For that reason, participation in this class is about more than just how much to talk — though I’d still like to encourage all of you to join in on conversations actively.
- Preparation: Completing readings or homework in preparation for class.
- Focus: Being present with us during class — not attending to other work.
- Joining in: Asking and answering questions in text or written form.
- Community Building: Responding to your peer’s writing and comments thoughtfully.
- Going with the Flow: Joining in with a flexible and creative spirit, helping us navigate the choppy waters of pandemic higher education.
Note: Unforeseen challenges may arise this semester. When they do, please contact me, so I can help you to continue in this course.
- Office Hours
Come to them to discuss readings, ideas, your writing, etc. In addition to my formal office hours, I am sometimes available other times if you email me to make an appointment. I will be available via Zoom and when possible in person.
- Laptops/Cell Phones
Because this is a course in digital literature, laptops will be needed for every class. If you do not have one, you can check one out from Ahmanson Information Commons at Leavey Library. In fact, you will need them often and for every quiz. However, I expect that you will use these for class content only. Please keep phones silent during class.
- Plagiarism and Academic Integrity
USC highly values academic integrity and plagiarism undermines this integrity. A plagiarized assignment will receive an “F” and may result in failure of the course. We will discuss in class what constitutes plagiarism, but just remember: if you’re not sure, cite it or ask me. Plagiarism includes turning in work produced by a computer program unless instructed to do so.
- Mandated Reporting
As per university policy, I am a mandated reporter, which means if I suspect that a student who is under 18 is experiencing abuse or neglect, including sexual abuse, I am mandated by law to report it to USC’s Department of Public Safety and the Los Angeles Department of Children and Family Services. I am also a responsible employee under Title IX, which means I must immediately report all known information about suspected prohibited conduct to the Title IX Office. Prohibited conduct encompasses harassment and discrimination, and is defined in more detail here: https://policy.usc.edu/student-misconduct/.
Additional Support
- The Writing Center
The Writing Center (located in THH 216) offers writing workshops and half-hour, one-on-one appointments with trained consultants. The staff is there to help you at any stage of the writing process, including the beginning – you don’t need a full draft to utilize their support. You can make appointments via their website: http://dornsife.usc.edu/writingcenter/
- Students with Disabilities:
Any student requesting accommodations based on a disability is required to register with Disability Services and Programs (DSP) each semester. A letter of verification can be obtained from DSP; please make sure that this letter is delivered to me as soon as possible. DSP is located in STU 301 and can be contacted at (213) 740-0776.
- Major Assignments:
- Individual Analysis of Electronic Literature
- Collaborative Analysis: In a group of 3, analyze another work form the ELC using 3 different approaches
- Final project: Create a small work of electronic poetry, fiction, or netprov and write an artists’ statement which position this work among works and concepts we have studied throughout the semester.
- Final Exam: A take home exam that asks students to synthesize the major ideas from the course across multiple works we have examined together.
- Creative Exercises
Every week, students will create a small work in a different form of electronic literature, including digital poetry, interactive fiction, netprov, and locative narrative. These exercises will be relatively small but will give you a chance to explore the many forms available as you make your way toward your final creative project.
- Quizzes & Reading Responses
Quizzes and Reading Responses will be used to increase engagements with texts. For more straight-forward readings, I will give a quiz to incentivize your close reading of the text. For more creative works, I will assign a Reading Response (250-450 words) in which you respond to some specific aspect of the work. (More details on reading responses in class.)
- Paper 1: Individual Analysis of Electronic Literature
Analysis of a work from the Electronic Literature Collections, Volumes 1-3.
In a short essay, analyze a work of electronic literature. Primarily answer the question: how does this work develop a literature tradition from the world of performance, print, or orality?
- Paper 2: Collaborative Analysis:
To approach complex works of electronic literature, critics must work together. Following the model of Reading Project, students will join in groups to read one work from ELC, vol. 1-3 using 3 distinct approaches. In their writing, students will explain the way their approach impacted their interpretation as well as how their approach complemented the other approaches.
- Discussion Leading
This is a seminar-style class, which means that students are active participants in the discussion. To encourage that, students will lead discussion of one of the readings during the semester. Rather than lecturing, students will also be in charge of leading discussion.
- Final Creative Project
Creative Project and artists statement.
To understand digital writing more deeply, students will create a short work of electronic literature and reflect on what that creative work taught them about these emerging forms of writing
- Final Exam
This essay examination will ask you to synthesize the critical readings we have been exploring by applying them to works of digital literature that we have been examining throughout the semester.